Comportamiento del concreto ante cargas de compresión agregando el SRD como dispositivo disipador de energía, usando caucho reciclado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v33i2.1583Palabras clave:
Neumáticos, Concreto, Resistencia, Elasticidad, EnergíaResumen
En esta investigación se estudió el comportamiento lineal y no lineal del concreto con el objetivo de incrementar la capacidad de absorción de energía para su uso en edificaciones comunes para comunidades de bajos recursos y que se encuentran en zonas de alto peligro sísmico. Se usó caucho reciclado de Neumáticos Fuera de Uso (NFU) para fabricar el SRD (Dispositivo Acero-Caucho, por sus siglas en inglés) el cual consiste en una serie de capas de caucho de 5mm de espesor y capas de acero de 2mm de espesor, habilitados de forma circular de 5cm de diámetro y puestos uno sobre otro asemejando un “sándwich”. Este dispositivo se colocó al interior de las probetas de concreto. Los especímenes de ensayo fueron de cuatro tipos: convencionales (PC, sin SRD) y modificados (PM, con SRD), estos últimos a su vez, de tres subtipos en función de la cantidad de capas de caucho colocados entre capas de acero (PM1, PM2 y PM3). Se llevaron a cabo ensayos experimentales a compresión según el estándar ASTM C469 y complementados con ensayos en elementos finitos mediante un software confiable. Los resultados mostraron que el SRD reduce la resistencia a la compresión en un rango del 13% al 17% y también reduce el módulo de elasticidad en un rango del 3.30% al 10%, ambos respecto a la probeta convencional. Sin embargo, el SRD aumentó la capacidad de disipar energía mediante un desarrollo progresivo del daño y mayores deformaciones residuales en las probetas modificadas.
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[25] D. V. Mallick, S. E. Dritsos y D. Sonda, “Construction and Strengthening of Non – Engineered Buildings in Developing Seismic – Prone Countries”, Struct. Eng. Int., vol: 23, no. 2, pp. 225-228, feb. 2013, doi: 10.2749/101686613X13363929988610
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[2] C. Halsband, L. Sorensen, A. M. Booth y D. Herzke, “Car Tire Crumb Rubber: Does Leaching Produce a Toxic Chemical Cocktail in Coastal Marine Systems?”, Front. Environ. Sci., Jul. 2020, doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2020.00125. [online]. Disponible: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2020.00125/full
[3] M. Capolupo, L. Sorensen, K. D. R. Jayasena, A. M. Booth y E. Fabbri, “Chemical composition and ecotoxicity of plastic and car tire rubber leachates to aquatic organisms”, Water Res., vol. 169, no. 115270, feb. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115270
[4] P. J. Kole, A. J. Lohr, F. G. A. J. Van Belleghem y Ad M. J. Ragas, “Wear and Tear of Tyres: A Stealthy Source of Microplastics in the Environment”, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 14, no. 10, oct. 2017, doi: 10.3390/ijerph14101265
[5] I. Sadiktsis, C. Bergvall, C. Johansson y R. Westerholm, “Automobile Tires-A Potential Source of Highly Carcinogenic Dibenzopyrenes to the Environment”, Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 3326-3324, feb. 2012, doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/es204257d
[6] S. H. Bransma, M. Brits, Q. R. Groenewoud, M. J. M. Van Velzen, P. E. G. Leonards y J. de Boer, “Chlorinated Paraffins in car Tires Recycled to Rubber Granulates and Playground Tiles”, Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 53, no. 13, pp. 7595-7603, jun. 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b01835
[7] M. Lamour y A. Cecchin, “Recycling waste rubber tyres in construction materials and associated environmental considerations: A review”, Resour Conserv Recycl., vol. 293, no. 123368, jul. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123368
[8] A. Mohajerani et al., “Repurposed materials in construction: A review of low-processed scrap tires in civil engineering applications for disaster risk reduction”, Constr Build Mater., vol. 155, no. 104679, abri. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104679
[9] N. Alvarez, J. Gutierrez, G. Duran y L. Pacheco, “Experimental study of the mechanical effect of a clayey soil by adding rubber powder for geotechnical applications”, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 758, no. 012057, feb. 2020, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/758/1/012057
[10] X. Shu y B. Huang, “Recycling of waste tire rubber in asphalt and Portland cement concrete: An overview”, Constr Build Mater., vol. 67, Part B, pp. 217-224, set. 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.027
[11] M. Valente y A. Sibai, “Rubber/crete: Mechanical properties of scrap to reuse tire-derived rubber in concrete; A review”, J. Appl. Biomater., jun. 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2280800019835486. [online]. Disponible: https://journals.sagepub.com/home/jbf
[12] A. Siddika, Md. A. Al Mamun, R. Alyousef, Y.H. M. Amran, F. Aslani y H. Alabduljabbar, “Properties and utilizations of waste tire rubber in concrete: A review”, Constr Build Mater., vol. 224, no. 10, pp. 711-731, nov. 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.108
[13] Nelson Flores Medina, Darío Flores Medina, F. Hernández-Olivares y M.A. Navacerrada, “Mechanical and thermal properties of concrete incorporating rubber and fibres from tyre recycling”, Constr Build Mater., vol. 144, pp. 563-573, jul. 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.196
[14] A.R. Khaloo, M. Dehestani y P. Rahmatabadi, “Mechanical properties of concrete containing a high volume of tire-rubber particles”, J. Waste Manag., vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 2472-2482, dic. 2008, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.01.015
[15] R. Roychand, R. J. Gravina, Y. Zhuge, X. Ma, O. Youssf y J. E. Mills, “A comprehensive review on the mechanical properties of waste tire rubber concrete”, Constr Build Mater., vol. 237, no. 117651, mar. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117651
[16] V. L. Shulman, “Tire Recycling”, Waste., vol: Second Edition, no. chapter 26, pp. 489-515, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815060-3.00026-8
[17] K. Formela, “Sustainable development of waste tires recycling technologies – recent advances, challenges and future trends”, Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research, vol: 4, no. 3, pp. 209-222, jul. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aiepr.2021.06.004
[18] Shin-ichi Sakai et al., “An international comparative study of end-of-life vehicle (ELV) recycling systems”, J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag., vol: 16, pp. 1-20, 2014, doi: 10.1007/s10163-013-0173-2
[19] M. Nadal, J. Rovira, J. Díaz-Ferrero, M. Schuhmacher y J. L. Domingo, “Human exposure to environmental pollutants after a tire landfill fire in Spain: Health risks”, Environ. Int., vol: 97, pp. 37-44, oct. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.10.016.
[20] G. Rosana, P. María Josefina, I. Patricia, K. Jerónimo, A. Ricardo y S. A. María Paz, “Ecological Roofing Tiles Made With Rubber And Plastic Wastes”, Adv. Mater. Res., vol: 844, pp. 458-461, nov. 2013, doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.844.458
[21] T. Khudyakova, Andrey Shmidt y Svetlana Shmidt, “Sustainable development of smart cities in the context of the implementation of the tire recycling program”, Entrepreneurship Sustain. Issues, vol: 8, no. 2, pp. 698-715, dic. 2020, doi: http://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2020.8.2(42)
[22] M. Villar – Vega y V. Silva, “Assessment of earthquake damage considering the characteristics of past events in South America”, Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., vol: 99, pp. 86-96, ago. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.05.004
[23] K. Okazaki, K. S. Pribadi, D. Kusumastuti y T. Saito (Set. 2012), Comparison of Current Construction Practices of Non-Engineered Buildings in Developing Countries, presentado en: 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering 2012 (15WCEE), Lisboa, Portugal. [Online]. Disponible: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/http://toc.proceedings.com/24574webtoc.pdf
[24] Instituto Nacional de Defensa Civil (INDECI), 2017, “Escenario sísmico para Lima Metropolitana y Callao: sismo 8.8 Mw”, Instituto Nacional de Defensa Civil, Dirección de Preparación, Subdirección de Sistematización de Información sobre Escenarios de Riesgo de Desastres. [online]. Disponible: https://www.indeci.gob.pe/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/201711231521471-1.pdf
[25] D. V. Mallick, S. E. Dritsos y D. Sonda, “Construction and Strengthening of Non – Engineered Buildings in Developing Seismic – Prone Countries”, Struct. Eng. Int., vol: 23, no. 2, pp. 225-228, feb. 2013, doi: 10.2749/101686613X13363929988610
[26] A. Muñoz, M. Díaz y R. Reyna, “Estudio de aplicabilidad de un prototipo de aislador de bajo costo utilizando caucho reciclado”, tecnia, vol: 29, no. 2, pp. 65-73, ago. 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v29i2.706
[27] H. K. Mishra, A. Igarashi y H. Matsushima, “Finite element análisis and experimental verification of the scrap tire rubber pad isolator”, Bull. Earthq. Eng., vol: 11, pp. 687-707, oct. 2012, doi: 10.1007/s10518-012-9393-4
[28] Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson’s Ratio of concrete in Compression, ASTM Designation: C 469 – 02
[29] L. Qingfu, G. Wei y K. Yihang, “Parameter calculation and verification of concrete plastic damage model of ABAQUS”, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 794, no. 012036, dic. 2019, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/794/1/012036
[30] Material Stress – Strain Curves, Computers and Structures Inc., Walnut Creek, CA, USA, 2008
[31] Model Code 2010, fib CEB – FIP, 2010
[32] U. Gudsoorkar y R. Bindu, “Computer simulation of hyper elastic re-treaded tire rubber with ABAQUS”, Mater. Today: Proc., vol. 43, no. Part 2, pp. 1992-2001, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.432
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Publicado
2024-04-05
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[1]
J. F. Tovar Rodríguez y F. J. Taipe Carbajál, «Comportamiento del concreto ante cargas de compresión agregando el SRD como dispositivo disipador de energía, usando caucho reciclado», TEC, vol. 33, n.º 2, abr. 2024.
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Ingeniería Civil, Geotecnia y/o Sismoresistente
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